False


Download Learnerz IAS app from the Play Store now! Download

$show=search/label/May%202022

 


United Nation and Challenges UPSC NOTE

SHARE:

  Challenges faced by the current global order, represented by the  UN system, and the uncertainty surrounding its future (Prelims, Mains) A...

 Challenges faced by the current global order, represented by the 

UN system, and the uncertainty surrounding its future (Prelims, Mains)

  • At stake is the post-World War order whose foundations were built even as the Second World War raged on, reflecting a structure that the Allied powers — eventually the victors of that conflict — felt would prevent another global conflagration. 

  • This order is anchored in the United Nations Organisation.

  •  That is the UN itself, along with its specialised agencies, funds and programmes. 

  • The main organisation came into being in January 1942 when the 26 Allied nations signed the Declaration of the United Nations and endorsed the Atlantic Charter of 1941.

  • This charter turn enshrined the war aims of the United States and the United Kingdom

  • This is a system of international relations built to manage great power rivalry as it existed three quarters of a century ago. 

  • In the years since, power and prosperity have flowed and shifted between and from the original signatories and the international community of states has more than quadrupled.

  • The UN was created to stop another global war by upholding the sovereign equality of all nations subscribing to the principle of collective security.

  • Sovereign equality, however, faltered at the doors of the Security Council, with its five Permanent Members of super equals, all of whom were Allied powers, and including of course, two major colonial powers and a third whose imperial ambitions were not quite buried.

  • In negotiations that stretched beyond the 1942 Declaration, the Soviet Union was further drawn into the fold with a 1943 American proposal of enforcing peace.

  • The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944 established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (or the World Bank) and, in 1947.

  •  The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which was succeeded by the World Trade Organization in 1995

  • Together, this financial and trade architecture sought to create a shared international economic order that would not repeat the mistakes of the 1920s and 1930s, plan post-War reconstruction and liberalise global trade.

  • Overall, the UN system, which rests on a series of international treaties that are now firmly embedded in international law, smoothened the conduct of international relations, albeit in an image that favoured the original signatories of the UN Charter. 

  • Decolonisation, the Cold War, and the breakup of the Soviet Union brought challenges to this dispensation. 

  • But no matter how the developing world, including former colonies, grouped, they could not overcome the veto at the Security Council or the voting structures of the Bretton Woods Institutions. 

  • China, of course, found itself perched in the strange position of being a rule maker in one body but a rule taker in the other.

  • Rising powers responded with alternatives. 

  • The Non-Aligned Movement tried a more equal approach and moral force for political and social problems, only to have its shortcomings exposed in the 1962 India-China war

  • The G-77 attempted to group together to gain more heft in trade negotiations, but the very disparate needs of an unwieldy group resulted in a laundry list of demands that defied successful negotiation

  • Smaller, more homogenous groupings fared somewhat better.

  • The 2020s, however, are dealing body blows to the system from within. 

  • COVID-19 shut down borders, for people, for goods, for vaccines, thereby undermining the promise of a shared global prosperity based on ever greater cooperation

  • Russia’s invasion of Ukraine revealed the hypocrisy of one of the super equal rule-makers refusing to follow the rules

  • And, finally, the war in Gaza has exposed the fault lines between the developed and developing worlds; between the guilt over the Holocaust and the recognition of the Nakba; and between the

need of the great powers to support the UN and its organisations and the expediency of questioning the legitimacy and effectiveness of the organisation when support for Israel demands it. 

  • Most importantly, this conflict tests the commitment of several of the Permanent Members to the bedrock of the UN system — a commitment to human rights and the genocide convention. 

  • As West Asia teeters at the precipice, the UN is being marginalised by the very players that established it.

COMMENTS

Name

Amritsar,1,April 2024,301,Art & Culture,11,August 2023,251,August 2024,400,Courses,7,Daily Current Affairs,51,December 2023,189,Disaster Management,2,Environment and Ecology,299,February 2024,228,Foundation Course,1,Free Class,1,GDP,1,GEMS Club,1,GEMS Plus,1,Geography,303,Govt Schemes,2,GS 2,1,GS1,52,GS2,370,GS3,229,GST,1,History,11,Home,3,IAS Booklist,1,Important News,71,Indian Economy,295,Indian History,22,Indian Polity,336,International Organisation,12,International Relations,238,Invasive Plant,1,January 2024,240,July 2023,281,July 2024,375,June 2022,6,June 2023,268,June 2024,324,March 2024,238,May 2022,17,May 2024,330,Mentorship,2,November 2023,169,November 2024,133,October 2023,203,October 2024,369,Places in News,2,Science & Technology,289,Science and Technology,119,September 2023,205,September 2024,336,UPSC CSE,115,UPSC Tips,4,
ltr
item
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: United Nation and Challenges UPSC NOTE
United Nation and Challenges UPSC NOTE
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
https://www.learnerz.in/2024/02/united-nation-and-challenges-upsc-note.html
https://www.learnerz.in/
https://www.learnerz.in/
https://www.learnerz.in/2024/02/united-nation-and-challenges-upsc-note.html
true
4761292069385420868
UTF-8
Loaded All Posts Not found any posts VIEW ALL Readmore Reply Cancel reply Delete By Home PAGES POSTS View All RECOMMENDED FOR YOU LABEL ARCHIVE SEARCH ALL POSTS Not found any post match with your request Back Home Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat January February March April May June July August September October November December Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec just now 1 minute ago $$1$$ minutes ago 1 hour ago $$1$$ hours ago Yesterday $$1$$ days ago $$1$$ weeks ago more than 5 weeks ago Followers Follow THIS PREMIUM CONTENT IS LOCKED STEP 1: Share to a social network STEP 2: Click the link on your social network Copy All Code Select All Code All codes were copied to your clipboard Can not copy the codes / texts, please press [CTRL]+[C] (or CMD+C with Mac) to copy Table of Content