Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics:
Earthquakes are not random and occur in specific regions due to plate tectonics.
The Earth's surface is divided into constantly moving plates.
Powerful earthquakes concentrate along plate boundaries where they collide (converge), like the Himalayas.
Examples:
2015 Nepal earthquake - Devastating in central Nepal due to its origin under the Himalayas.
April 2024 Taiwan earthquake (7.4 magnitude) - Compared to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (7.7 magnitude).
Taiwan's Success Story:
Despite similar magnitude, the 2024 Taiwan earthquake caused minimal damage compared to 1999.
This is attributed to stricter building codes implemented after the 1999 disaster.
Taiwan has a robust earthquake preparedness system:
Advanced monitoring network and early warning systems.
Public awareness campaigns and earthquake drills.
Continuously updated building codes with incentives for earthquake-resistant structures.
Scientific assessment allows for targeted building codes based on:
Expected shaking intensity in different locations.
Frequency of earthquakes in specific zones.
Taiwan utilizes advanced technologies like seismic dampers and base isolation systems for earthquake resistance (e.g., Taipei 101 building).
Lessons for India:
India's infrastructure expansion in earthquake-prone areas (like the Himalayas) necessitates stricter safety measures.
Key Learnings from Taiwan:
Enforce seismic codes and regulations for all infrastructure projects.
Construct safer buildings with proper engineering.
Improve enforcement and address non-compliance issues related to seismic codes.
Utilize region-specific seismic codes (like India's IS 1893) based on:
Local earthquake activity.
Building types.
Construction materials.
Explore and potentially revive traditional earthquake-resistant architectural styles in some regions of India.
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