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Horseshoe crabs UPSC NOTE

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  Why in news Horseshoe crabs , once abundant along Odisha’s coast , are now threatened due to habitat loss and fishing practices.  Scienti...

 Why in news

  • Horseshoe crabs, once abundant along Odisha’s coast, are now threatened due to habitat loss and fishing practices. 

  • Scientists are concerned about their dwindling numbers, prompting efforts to study and conserve the species.

  • Recent tagging studies by scientists aim to track horseshoe crabs' movements and assess their population dynamics. 

  • Conservation strategies are being discussed to protect their habitats and ensure their survival.

Horseshoe crab

  • It is a marine chelicerate arthropod living in shallow coastal waters on soft sandy or muddy bottom 

  • Spawns (release or deposit eggs) mostly on intertidal beaches at summer spring high tides.

  • Their hard exoskeleton resembles a horseshoe, hence the name.

  • It is regarded as a marine ‘living fossil’

  • There are four extant horseshoe crab species:

    • The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) along the eastern coast of the USA and in the Gulf of Mexico.

  • The tri-spine horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus)

  • The coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas)

  • The mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)

  • India is home to two species of horseshoe crabs — Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda 

  • Both the species are found along the northeastern coast of India, especially along the Odisha and West Bengal coast.

  • Odisha is their largest habitat in India.

  • Major threats : Destructive fishing practices,  illegal smuggling of the species 

  • The blood of horseshoe crabs is highly valuable for the medical industry, used to test the safety of injectable drugs. 

  • Horseshoe crabs are a Schedule 2 species under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

  • IUCN Status:

    • American horseshoe crab: Vulnerable.

    • Tri-spine horseshoe crab: Endangered.

    • The two other species are not listed yet.


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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Horseshoe crabs UPSC NOTE
Horseshoe crabs UPSC NOTE
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