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How will tech reshape protein studies? UPSC NOTE

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  David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper were awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry . The prize recognized their contributions to pro...

 

  • David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper were awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

  • The prize recognized their contributions to protein design and structure prediction.

Importance of Proteins

  • Essential for life: Proteins are fundamental to all known life forms.

  • Diverse functions: Proteins perform various roles, including structural support, catalysis, transport, muscle contraction, and cell communication.

  • Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids.

  • A protein's function depends on its three-dimensional structure.

  • The process of a protein acquiring its specific shape was a long-standing scientific challenge.

  • AlphaFold revolutionized protein structure prediction by accurately predicting structures in a matter of hours.

  • AlphaFold is a deep-learning model developed by DeepMind.

  • AlphaFold 2 demonstrated accuracy comparable to X-ray crystallography.

  • AlphaFold 3 can predict protein structures and interactions, aiding in hypothesis testing and drug development.

Protein Design

  • Baker developed tools for designing proteins with specific shapes and functions.

  • Rosetta: A notable computer program for protein structure prediction and design.

  • Protein design has applications in various fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and materials science.

Impact of Protein Research

  • Drug development: Protein design has led to the development of new drugs, such as an antiviral nasal spray for COVID-19.

  • Enzyme engineering: New enzymes have been designed for commercial applications.

  • Biosensors: Protein designs are being explored for use as biosensors.

  • A biosensor is a device that detects the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a microorganism, biomolecule, or biological structure

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: How will tech reshape protein studies? UPSC NOTE
How will tech reshape protein studies? UPSC NOTE
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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