Overview of the NRIC and NPR
The National Population Register (NPR) is being updated in the 2025 Census as the first step toward creating the National Register of Indian Citizens (NRIC).
The NRIC aims to establish a verified database of Indian citizens, helping with national security, identity verification, and efficient welfare distribution.
The NRIC is mandated by the Citizenship Act, 1955, with the goal of compiling a registry of citizens and issuing identity cards.
This initiative gained importance after the Subrahmanyam Committee's recommendations in the post-Kargil period.
Key Features of the NRIC Process
The process starts with demographic data collection during the Census houselisting, followed by the gathering of biometric data to reduce duplication.
Residents can submit claims and objections, allowing them to challenge their records.
After public consultations, citizenship status is confirmed, and the final NRIC is created.
Purpose of the NRIC
To enhance national security, reduce identity fraud, streamline welfare programs, and ensure only eligible citizens receive benefits.
The NRIC aims to distinguish citizens from non-citizens.
NRIC vs. Aadhaar
Aadhaar: A biometric-based identity verification system for all residents of India, used for accessing services like banking and subsidies.
NRIC: A citizenship verification system to create a definitive list of Indian citizens.
Unlike Aadhaar, it is exclusively for citizens and includes proof of citizenship.
Concerns and Challenges
Assam’s 2019 NRC update faced criticism for being inaccurate and unfair, with many rural residents unable to meet documentation requirements.
It raised concerns over the exclusion of legitimate citizens and the potential humanitarian issues from such a process.
There are concerns about the privacy of biometric data and the potential misuse of information.
The Supreme Court has set guidelines on data protection, but fears of exclusion, particularly for those with limited documentation, remain.
The large-scale process will require streamlined procedures, robust public awareness, and transparency to ensure accuracy and fairness, preventing the exclusion of marginalized communities.
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