Why in news
Research shows two genetically distinct groups of the Indian Star Tortoise species: one in the northwest and the other in the south of India.
Researchers collected tissue samples from multiple locations to analyze genetic differences, revealing distinct genetic groups that need separate conservation strategies.
There is a risk of harming the species' genetic diversity if tortoises from different regions are mixed during conservation releases.
Indian Star Tortoise
The Indian star tortoise is known for its striking appearance, with a dark, obsidian shell decorated with yellow star-like patterns.
The Indian star tortoise is native to the arid regions of northwest India (Bordering Pakistan), southern India, and Sri Lanka.
It is endemic to the Indian subcontinent, with some individuals found in the wild and others illegally kept as pets worldwide.
Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972
Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List
Challenges and Threats
Despite being protected under CITES and India’s Wildlife Protection Act, the Indian star tortoise faces threats from poaching and illegal smuggling.
The unplanned release of seized tortoises back into the wild may worsen their chances of survival.
Captive-bred tortoises sometimes develop shell deformities, which can hinder their breeding potential and make them less suited for release into natural habitats.
Conservation Recommendations
Conservationists stress the importance of maintaining separate populations for release, to avoid reducing genetic diversity.
Greater efforts are needed to inform the public about the legal status of the species and the consequences of keeping them as pets.
The findings from the genetic study are aimed at improving conservation strategies for both national and international wildlife protection organizations.
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