The Basics of Quantum Computing
Quantum computing, a revolutionary advancement in technology, relies on the principles of quantum mechanics.
Unlike classical computers that use bits (0s and 1s) to process information, quantum computers use qubits.
Superposition: Qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously (both 0 and 1), unlike classical bits.
This allows quantum computers to perform many computations at once.
Entanglement: Qubits can become interconnected, meaning the state of one qubit instantly influences another, regardless of distance.
This phenomenon enables faster and more efficient processing compared to classical systems.
Milestones in Quantum Computing
1982: Richard Feynman proposed quantum computers to simulate complex systems.
1994: Peter Shor’s algorithm demonstrated the potential to factor large numbers rapidly, challenging traditional data encryption methods.
2019: IBM unveiled Q System One, the first circuit-based commercial quantum computer.
Google’s Sycamore processor achieved quantum supremacy, solving a problem in 200 seconds that would take classical computers 10,000 years.
2024: Google’s Willow chip introduced error-corrected qubits that improve with scaling, completing calculations that would take supercomputers trillions of years.
Limitations of Quantum Computing
Despite breakthroughs, several challenges hinder widespread adoption:
Cost and Complexity: Building quantum computers is expensive and technically demanding.
Error Rates: Qubits are sensitive to environmental noise, leading to errors and instability.
Scaling Issues: Current quantum computers need millions of qubits to tackle complex real-world problems.
India’s Quantum Leap
India launched the National Quantum Mission in 2023, allocating ₹6,000 crore over eight years. The mission aims to:
Develop indigenous quantum computers.
Advance research in quantum technologies.
Future Implications
Quantum computers hold the potential to revolutionize fields like:
Cryptography: Breaking traditional encryption systems.
Healthcare: Accelerating drug discovery.
Astronomy: Solving mysteries of the universe.
While still in its infancy, quantum computing promises transformative possibilities.
With continued investment and innovation, it could redefine technology and industry in the years to come.
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