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Declining fertility rates in India UPSC NOTE

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  This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the declining fertility rates in India, particularly focusing on the southern states . ...

 

  • This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the declining fertility rates in India, particularly focusing on the southern states.

Key Takeaways:

  • Sharp Decline: India's fertility rate has significantly declined, moving below the replacement level.   

Factors Contributing to Decline:

  • Women's Empowerment: Increased female literacy, workforce participation, and changing social attitudes towards marriage and motherhood.   

  • Family Planning Programs: Though successful, other factors likely played a more significant role.

Total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children a woman would have during her reproductive years. It's expressed as the number of children per woman

  • Infertility: Rising rates of infertility among both men and women.

  • Migration: Out-migration of young people for education and employment.

Impact on Southern States:

  • Aging Population: Rapid demographic transition with a growing elderly population and a shrinking workforce.   

  • Economic Challenges: Potential for labor shortages and increased demands on healthcare and social security systems.   

  • Migration: Influx of migrant workers to compensate for a declining local workforce.

Addressing the Challenges:

  • Economic Growth: Fostering economic growth and creating job opportunities for young people.

  • Social Security: Strengthening social security systems to support an aging population.

  • Addressing Infertility: Improving access to fertility treatments and addressing the underlying causes of infertility.

  • Empowering Women: Continuing to empower women through education and economic opportunities.

Important Considerations:

  • Irreversibility: Declining fertility rates are often difficult to reverse, as seen in countries like South Korea.

  • Long-term Implications: The long-term social and economic consequences of declining fertility rates need to be carefully considered and addressed.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Declining fertility rates in India UPSC NOTE
Declining fertility rates in India UPSC NOTE
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