Historical Context and Colonial Legacy
The role of Governor as Chancellor originates from British colonial rule, designed to control universities and limit autonomy.
In 1857, the British established universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras with Governors as Chancellors to exercise direct control.
Post-Independence, the role was retained without reconsideration, granting Governors powers like appointing Vice-Chancellors and controlling university bodies.
This continued centralization conflicted with democratic and federal principles, as it bypassed local government involvement.
Politicization of the Office
Between 1947-1967, Governors had a ceremonial role due to Congress dominance, with State governments holding power.
After 1967, political changes led Governors to act as tools of the Central government, particularly in opposition-ruled States, causing clashes and delays.
Efforts to amend laws to change this system faced delays as Governors either blocked or referred amendments to the President.
The trend of appointing political loyalists instead of competent individuals for Governor positions worsened, reducing credibility and increasing political interference.
Governor's Dual Role and Constitutional Issues
The Governor’s role as Chancellor is defined by statutes, giving them discretionary powers separate from ministerial advice, particularly in universities.
Governors can bypass the State government’s Higher Education Ministry when making decisions like Vice-Chancellor appointments, which creates conflict.
This unchecked power undermines federalism, as Governors are appointed by the Centre, reducing State autonomy in educational governance.
The Supreme Court has upheld this dual role, but it allows Governors to act unilaterally, particularly in opposition-ruled States.
Proposals for Reform and Alternative Models
Various commissions (Rajamannar, Sarkaria, Punchhi) have suggested reforms to reduce Governors’ influence in university governance and promote academic autonomy.
Alternative models include:
Ceremonial Chancellor: State-appointed, acting on advice from the State government (adopted by Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra).
Chief Minister as Chancellor: A ceremonial role for powerful political figures (proposed in Punjab, West Bengal).
State-appointed Academic Chancellor: Distinguished academicians or public figures, as in Telangana and proposed in Kerala.
Elected Chancellor: Chosen by university bodies or alumni, like in Oxford and Cambridge.
These reforms aim to minimize political interference and promote independence in university administration.
Some States have implemented changes, while others face delays due to Presidential assent, highlighting the need for uniform and consistent reform implementation.
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