All major parties (AAP, BJP, Congress) offered various freebies/subsidies to attract voters in the Delhi Assembly elections.
These included monthly allowances for women, subsidized LPG, and free electricity.
The Debate: Freebies vs. Welfare:
There's no clear definition of what constitutes a "freebie."
Some see them as bribery, undermining informed voting.
Others consider them legitimate welfare measures
The perception of a freebie vs. welfare often depends on the individual's perspective and needs (e.g., free transport).
Welfare as Entitlement:
The National Food Security Act (2013) made several welfare schemes (mid-day meals, PDS, etc.) legal entitlements, benefiting a large portion of the population.
Studies suggest that cash transfer programs, especially those targeting women, can be empowering and reduce domestic violence.
Dr. Kailash argues that welfare enhances capabilities and freedoms (aligning with Amartya Sen's approach), while freebies do not.
He uses mid-day meals as an example of beneficial welfare.
Cash transfers, while popular and stimulating spending, don't necessarily create economic opportunities.
Fiscal Concerns:
Freebie-driven politics poses a fiscal threat, especially to indebted states.
The RBI has highlighted the increasing subsidy expenditure due to such measures.
Experts like Radhika Pandey warn that freebies will deepen revenue deficits, potentially leading to higher taxes and reduced middle-class consumption.
She points to Delhi's declining revenue surplus as an example.
The Judiciary's Role:
The Supreme Court is considering petitions challenging the legality of electoral freebies.
Initially, the Court suggested forming an expert panel, a shift from its earlier stance that such matters are legislative policy and not subject to judicial review.
However, there has been no effective hearing in the challenge since November 2023.
Some legal experts argue that the courts shouldn't intervene in such matters, as it's the legislature's role to manage competitive populism.
They believe it is a matter between voters and elected representatives.
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