Dependence on DPSUs
India's defence sector heavily relies on Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), with the Indian Air Force (IAF) being their primary customer.
The 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' campaign has further increased dependence, leading to challenges like slow production rates from HAL affecting the IAF's squadron strength.
The IAF is hoping to ramp up production with the Tejas MK1A Light Combat Aircraft, including a private manufacturer’s involvement in producing key components.
Challenges with Arms Imports
India remains the second-largest arms importer globally, despite a 9.3% reduction in imports from 2015-19 (per SIPRI's report).
High-cost military systems such as fighter jets, tanks, and specialized armaments are still heavily imported, contributing significantly to India’s defence import bill.
Even though India is advancing with indigenous aircraft programs (Tejas MK1A, MK2, AMCA), many still rely on American engines, linking India’s operational capacity to U.S. policy decisions.
U.S.-India Defence Partnership
The U.S.-India defence relationship has faced challenges with fluctuating policies and changing administrations in the U.S.
The idea of a "strategic partnership" has been widely discussed, but questions arise whether both nations are truly indispensable to each other.
While both nations have mutual defence interests, India risks becoming dependent on the U.S., as their defence capabilities differ significantly, potentially stifling India's autonomy.
Maintaining Strategic Autonomy
India must ensure its decisions protect its strategic autonomy, especially with increased dependence on foreign arms suppliers like the U.S.
A true partnership requires mutual political indispensability, which India needs to assess in its relationships with the U.S., Russia, Israel, and others.
India should remain cautious about over-relying on external powers for strategic armament needs and avoid potential shifts in foreign policy that could undermine its interests.
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