Air pollution causes millions of early deaths every year.
Sulphur dioxide (SO₂), which causes acid rain, mainly comes from coal-based energy production.
Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), harmful to lungs, are mostly released by vehicles and also from coal and gas power plants.
Black carbon (soot) is common in poorer areas where people burn wood, charcoal, or waste for cooking and heating.
Methane (CH₄), a climate pollutant, comes mainly from agriculture and decaying waste in landfills.
Ammonia (NH₃), mainly from farming, can cause deadly fine particles and is linked to hundreds of thousands of deaths.
Volatile organic compounds, which can be toxic or form smog, mostly come from paints, cleaners, and chemical factories.
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