India-China Relations: A Complex Balance
India and China mark 75 years of diplomatic ties, but the relationship is shaped by contested borders, strategic rivalry, and deep mistrust.
Once idealistic, the relationship now has opportunities for cooperation and shared regional stability.
The historical trauma of the 1962 war and the 2020 Galwan Valley clash still impact the bilateral dynamics, making trust-building a critical challenge.
Strategic Competition and Cooperation
China shapes India’s foreign policy decisions, including border security, defense, and trade.
India maintains a strong defense presence with 60,000 troops in Eastern Ladakh.
India engages with China through BRICS and SCO while also working with the Quad to ensure a free Indo-Pacific.
India practices “competitive coexistence” by balancing defense competition with trade and engagement.
Regional Influence and Infrastructure Challenges
China’s growing footprint in South Asia challenges India’s regional influence, especially with projects like the Hambantota Port.
India needs proactive, long-term strategies for regional engagement, beyond just reactive diplomacy.
Bangladesh's comments about India’s northeast highlight the need for better infrastructure and trust-building in the region.
Influence today is shaped by both infrastructure development and narrative control.
Navigating Global and U.S. Influence
U.S.-China tensions complicate India’s foreign policy, especially with Trump's return to power.
India values strategic autonomy, balancing defense cooperation with both the U.S. and China.
Modi’s comments on healthy competition show India’s willingness to engage with both countries independently.
China’s response to India’s approach, like resuming LAC patrols, shows signs of potential thaw despite ongoing risks.
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