Relocation of Tribals (2005)
In 2005, 50,000 Gond tribals were relocated as part of a government strategy to fight Maoists in Chhattisgarh.
The strategy, similar to the "strategic hamlet" model used in Vietnam, failed, and most tribals returned to the forests, while some joined security forces to protect against Maoists.
Current Military Role of Tribals
Many of the displaced tribals are now integral to the security forces' successes against Maoists in Chhattisgarh.
These tribals, familiar with the terrain and language, have become key assets in countering Maoist insurgents, with some former Maoists also joining the forces.
Historical Context of Strategic Hamlets
The Strategic Hamlet Program wasn't new; similar strategies were used after India's independence to tackle communist uprisings in Telangana and Mizoram.
In Mizoram, the program was more successful, eventually leading to a peace deal with Mizo fighters.
Challenges Faced by Displaced Tribals
Displaced tribals, particularly the Gutti Koya, have lived precariously for nearly 20 years on illegally occupied lands in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
Many face social and economic hardships and are seen as encroachers by local communities and authorities.
Maoists continue to prevent their return to Chhattisgarh, and local governments in the new states hesitate to treat them as tribals, denying them benefits.
Government's Lack of Rehabilitation Efforts
Despite applying for forest land under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), displaced tribals have faced long delays, with Chhattisgarh not addressing their requests.
The Chhattisgarh government has previously denied displacement claims, saying no tribals had been displaced due to violence.
Opposition from Local Governments
States like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have discouraged the displaced tribals from settling permanently.
Telangana has been repurposing tribal farmlands, pushing the displaced people back to Chhattisgarh.
Current Struggles and Future Outlook
Most of the younger generation of displaced tribals are seeking better economic opportunities in their new states
Despite occasional court relief, these tribals are still waiting for a permanent settlement and recognition
There is an ongoing need for a comprehensive plan to ensure their rehabilitation and integration into society.
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