The Story So Far
Union Cabinet announces caste data inclusion in the next Census, reversing BJP’s previous stance.
The decision is made ahead of the crucial Bihar elections and the 2024 general elections.
Have Indians Been Counted by Caste Before?
Caste data was included in censuses from 1881 to 1931.
The 1931 census listed 4,147 castes
The 1931 data, especially the categorization of 52% of the population under OBC, became the basis for Mandal Commission’s recommendations
Post-Independence, only SCs/STs were counted, with no caste data in general censuses.
In 2011, a Socio-Economic and Caste Census was launched, but caste data was not fully released.
Have Individual States Counted Castes?
Bihar, Telangana, and Karnataka have conducted their own caste surveys.
Bihar (2023) found 63% OBC/EBC population, influencing political demands for more representation.
Telangana (2024) and Karnataka (2024) also showed high OBC populations, leading to calls for higher reservation quotas.
What Will This Data Be Used For?
The data will inform research, policy making, and development schemes.
It may impact reservation policies, potentially altering the 27% OBC quota.
It will shape political discourse, particularly regarding affirmative action and the 50% reservation cap.
What Is the Context for This Decision?
BJP’s decision surprises many, as they had long resisted caste-based surveys.
Opposition has pushed for a caste census, with Bihar's survey triggering the shift.
The move aims to reframe the 2024 election narrative, countering caste-based politics.
What Is the Timeline for Implementation?
No fixed dates yet; the 2021 Census was delayed due to COVID-19.
A caste directory needs to be created for accurate classification.
Regional and political challenges persist, especially with varying caste lists.
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