Historical Significance
Vizhinjam, mentioned in 1st-century texts as Balita, was an ancient port of importance.
It was called Rajendra Chola Pattinam during the Pandya-Chola era (1129 AD).
Lost prominence due to colonial preference for ports like Cochin and Madras.
Modern Revival and Infrastructure
After decades of delays, India’s first deep-water transshipment port has been inaugurated in Vizhinjam, Kerala.
It’s a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between the Kerala government, Adani Ports, and Union government.
Located near global shipping routes (10 nautical miles away), making it ideal for handling large ships.
The port has natural 20-metre depth, suitable for ultra-large container vessels.
Economic and Strategic Importance
India currently relies on ports like Colombo and Singapore for transshipment; Vizhinjam can change that.
Already handled 6 lakh TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) and 280+ ships — well above initial projections.
Expected to handle 4.87 million TEUs once future phases are completed (by 2028).
Global shipping giants like Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) have added Vizhinjam to key services.
Can help shift trade patterns and reduce India’s dependence on foreign ports.
Milestones and Innovations
India’s first semi-automated port with trained women crane operators.
Handled South Asia’s largest cargo ship and set records for single-ship container handling.
Will also be a global green bunkering hub for clean fuels like hydrogen and ammonia.
Challenges and Development Needs
Lack of key infrastructure like an Integrated Check Post (ICP) and Port Health Office has caused operational delays.
Development of supporting infrastructure (highways, rail, ring road) is critical for smooth functioning.
The port's success depends on timely implementation of logistics and support services.
Future Vision and Global Branding
Calls to rename it Trivandrum International Sea Port for better international recognition.
Plans to develop an economic corridor and attract other states to set up business centres nearby.
Inspired by Shenzhen’s transformation, there’s potential for Vizhinjam to become a global trade and tech hub.
Policy and Governance Considerations
Concerns raised about the repayment burden of the central government's ₹817 crore support possibly ballooning to ₹10,000 crore.
Suggested: avoid setting up rival ports too close (like in Colachel) and create a port development policy like that for greenfield airports.
Kerala’s Special Investment Region Bill can be key in building a full economic ecosystem.
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