Reimagining Heritage Conservation in India: A Holistic and Interdisciplinary Approach
UPSC Relevance
Prelims: Art & Culture (Archaeological Survey of India - ASI, Protection of Monuments), Ancient & Medieval History.
Mains:
GS Paper 1: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times; Indian Heritage and Culture.
GS Paper 2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors; Role of civil society in governance.
Essay: Topics related to heritage, culture, conservation, or the relationship between past and present.
Key Highlights from the News
Main Argument: For India's archaeological conservation, a more holistic and thoughtful new approach is needed, moving away from the current limited approach of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
Criticism of the Current Approach:
ASI's current operations are primarily based on a colonial-era manual (John Marshall's Conservation Manual, 1923).
This is limited to isolating monuments from their surroundings, repairing damage, and polishing them.
Due to this approach, many protected monuments are deteriorating.
Suggestions for a New Approach:
Conservation should be seen as an interdisciplinary subject. Lessons should be learned from various fields such as social justice, ecology, and economics.
Link conservation efforts with improving the lives of local communities.
Instead of viewing monuments as isolated objects, emphasize their relationship with the surrounding ecosystem approach.
Beyond merely beautifying the appearance of monuments, strive to restore their original functionality (e.g., the natural ventilation system in a haveli).
Preserve small, half-forgotten ancient monuments for their social benefits.
Role of Citizens: Ordinary citizens also have an important role in conservation efforts. "Learning to read the language of the stones" will provide a deeper understanding of heritage.
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