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Helicobacter pylori UPSC NOTE

 Why in News

Quick detection of drug-resistant H. pylori is possible now.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

  • A two-step PCR-based assay of a small region of the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria can help detect H. pylori infection.

  • Also identify clarithromycin-resistant bacteria and those which are drug-sensitive in six-seven hours. 

  • This is  developed by a team of researchers from the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata. 

  • Since H. pylori bacteria grow slowly, it takes about a week to culture the bacteria and a couple of more weeks to test for drug-sensitivity

  • There is an increasing trend of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori bacteria in India leading to a decreasing success rate in treating the infection.

  • In India, H. pylori infections affect 60-70% of the population. 

  • H. pylori infection is often acquired during childhood and remains in the stomach throughout life. 

  • Gastroduodenal diseases along with the detection of H. pyloriinfection, eradication of the bacteria provides the most effective treatment.

  • H. pylori infection is one of the robust known risk factors for gastric cancer. 

  • The studies of H. pylori are seldom carried out in India. 

  • The growing incidence of clarithromycin-resistant bacteria is a big concern and has to be addressed as it is the most important reason for treatment failure. 

  • NICED turned to genome sequencing to identify that the drug resistance was due to a point mutation gene of the bacteria. 

  • A to G mutation at 2143 position in the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).


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