Why in News
Researchers have finally unravelled a longstanding question on why Serengeti zebra, wildebeest, and gazelle, which share limited food resources, follow the same migratory routes, in a body size dependent way.
The researchers used novel data to show how a balance of species interactions and ecological factors regulate this process.
They say competition pushes zebra ahead of wildebeest, and wildebeest then eats plants in a way that facilitates the development of newer growth for the trailing gazelle.
The Serengeti-Mara ecosystem is a vast and awe-inspiring natural wonder, spanning across Tanzania and Kenya.
It's renowned for its incredible biodiversity, breathtaking landscapes, and the iconic Great Migration - the largest terrestrial mammal migration on Earth.
Geography and landscape:
Encompasses over 30,000 square kilometers, including savannas, grasslands, woodlands, rivers, and lakes.
Diverse topography, ranging from rolling plains to the majestic Ngorongoro Crater Highlands.
Varied rainfall patterns create distinct seasons, influencing animal movements and vegetation growth.
Biodiversity:
Home to over 70 large mammal species, including lions, elephants, zebras, giraffes, and cheetahs.
Over 500 bird species, including migratory birds like flamingos and eagles.
Rich insect and reptile life, playing crucial roles in the ecosystem's food chain.
Keystone species and the Great Migration:
Wildebeest are the ecosystem's keystone species, their annual migration shaping the landscape and benefiting other animals.
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