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Indian space launch market UPSC NOTE

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  S. Somanath, Chairman of ISRO and Secretary of the Department of Space, said ISRO’s launch vehicle capability was three-times the demand ....

 

  • S. Somanath, Chairman of ISRO and Secretary of the Department of Space, said ISRO’s launch vehicle capability was three-times the demand

  • Many experts in the spaceflight sector and beyond interpreted this to mean the space launch market was grim

  • The Indian space programme used to follow a supply-driven model: ISRO would build and launch satellites and then look for customers who needed the services provided by the satellites. 

  • When the Indian government reformed the space sector in 2019-2020, it changed this to a demand-driven model. 

  • Here, a satellite needs to be built and launched only if there is already demand for it. This may have led to the situation Mr. Somanath mentioned.

  • India’s launch vehicles are also not powerful enough to undertake certain missions like Chandrayaan 4. 

  • China used its Long March 5 launch vehicle to launch its Chang’e 4 and Chang’e 5 missions in a single launch. 

  • India’s LVM-3 has less than one-third of Long March 5’s capability (28% to be more precise) and will need two LVM-3 launches to launch all the components of Chandrayaan 4.

  • India will also need one more successful flight of the SSLV to be confident about its ability to launch smaller satellites. 

  • Smaller satellites are usually experimental and university-built. 

  • More success in this domain will encourage space companies to build larger satellites, eventually leading to a demand for launch vehicle

  • All these launch vehicles will need satellites to launch. 

  • The heavier vehicles can fulfil some national goals like lunar exploration and a space station while ISRO can use the smaller satellites for technology and capability demonstration. 

  • However, the latter will constitute only a small number of launches.

  • We need an ecosystem that creates demand for various services, leading to a demand for data, leading to more sources of data (like satellites), culminating in a demand for launch vehicles. 

  • The richer the ecosystem, the greater the demand.

  • The Indian government wants the private sector to create demand among customers and to build and launch satellites. 

  • It wants them to look for services to offer customers in India and abroad. 

  • It also wants revenue by providing launch services of its own. 

  • Finally, the government wants to upskill workers and give them jobs.

  • However, private companies don’t want the government to be in the launch business. 

  • Instead, they want the government to be their customer and to provide rule of law and reliable regulations.

  • This is because private players desire a reliable source of revenue, which the Indian government can be over a long period of time

  • The roadmap here is for the government to exit the launch vehicle business at some point, leaving the companies with sufficient demand for launch vehicles. 

  • This is similar to the situation in the U.S., where arms of the U.S. government award contracts to SpaceX, Blue Origin, etc. to execute launches with their payloads.

  • Thus, the Indian government will absorb the cost of the transition from supply-driven to demand-driven building of satellites and launch vehicles

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Indian space launch market UPSC NOTE
Indian space launch market UPSC NOTE
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