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Threat to elephants UPSC NOTE

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  Why in news Kerala’s forests recorded 845 elephant deaths between 2015 and 2023 , with studies indicating an increasing trend in the deat...

 Why in news

  • Kerala’s forests recorded 845 elephant deaths between 2015 and 2023, with studies indicating an increasing trend in the death rate over time

  • The findings were given in the report of an elephant population estimation undertaken in the State’s four elephant reserves.

  • An analysis also highlights a stark trend: younger elephants, particularly those under 10 years of age, face the highest risk of mortality, with an alarming rate of approximately 40%. 

  • This increase in deaths among calves has been attributed to elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses – Haemorrhagic Disease (EEHV-HD), that coexists with elephants.

Current threats

  • Elephants have been facing increasing vulnerability due to shrinking habitats and rising fragmentation exacerbated by climate change. 

  • Key factors contributing to their susceptibility include declining population sizes, sensitivity to high temperatures, competition from invasive plant species disrupting their food sources, and heightened sensitivity to diseases.

  • Critical variables influencing elephant distribution patterns, includes: land-use changes, water balance in the climate, temperature fluctuations, and disturbances are induced by human activities

  • Recognising the need for a systematic approach to understand and mitigate elephant deaths, the study has recommended a structured protocol akin to Tamil Nadu’s Elephant Death Audit Framework (EDAF). 

  • The proposed framework would facilitate comprehensive investigations into the causes of elephant deaths, that would help to identify patterns, assess threats, and implement targeted conservation measures effectively

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Threat to elephants UPSC NOTE
Threat to elephants UPSC NOTE
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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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