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Kerala’s fight against PAM UPSC NOTE

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  Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) PAM is caused by Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba that thrives in warm freshwater lakes, ponds and ...

 Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

  • PAM is caused by Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba that thrives in warm freshwater lakes, ponds and rivers. 

  • It can also survive in poorly maintained swimming pools in rare cases. 

  • Because it can infect the brain and destroy the tissues, this one-celled organism is also called ‘brain-eating amoeba’. 

  • These infections, though rare, are fatal and 97% of the patients don’t survive.

  • The infection happens when people go for a swim in lakes, ponds or rivers, during summer

  • Experts say that it could occur if the atmospheric temperature is high and the water levels are low

  • The amoeba enters the body through the nose and reaches up to the brain. 

  • It destroys brain tissues and causes their swelling. 

  • In recent cases, children are found more vulnerable to it.

Measures Taken by Kerala

  • Kerala established a group to create guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of amoebic meningoencephalitis.

  • The state implemented a treatment regimen, including the drug Miltefosine, which improved survival rates significantly.

  • Clinicians were encouraged to check for amoeba in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples during acute encephalitis cases, enhancing early detection.

Significance of Awareness

  • The health department is focusing on awareness campaigns to inform the public about risks associated with water bodies and safety precautions.

  • Guidelines include avoiding diving into unknown waters, using nasal plugs while swimming, and using sterilized water for nasal irrigation.

  • Raising awareness about the symptoms and risks is crucial, as early diagnosis can be life-saving in cases of amoebic meningoencephalitis.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Kerala’s fight against PAM UPSC NOTE
Kerala’s fight against PAM UPSC NOTE
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