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75 Years of India's Constitution UPSC NOTE

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  Constitution Day - November 26 B.R. Ambedkar’s Warning On November 25, 1949, B.R. Ambedkar warned that while the Constitution may be good,...

 Constitution Day - November 26

B.R. Ambedkar’s Warning

  • On November 25, 1949, B.R. Ambedkar warned that while the Constitution may be good, its success depends on those who implement it

  • A bad system with good people can work, but a good system with bad people will fail.

  • The Constitution’s effectiveness depends on how political leaders and citizens apply it, and how future generations choose to enforce its principles.

Equality and Fraternity

  • Ambedkar noted that India would face contradictions: political equality (one person, one vote) would exist, but social and economic inequality would persist. 

  • This gap, he warned, would undermine the Constitution’s goals.

  • Ambedkar stressed that fraternity, or the sense of brotherhood among Indians, was missing, mainly due to the caste system, religious divisions, and lack of national unity

  • He believed liberty, equality, and fraternity were interconnected and needed to work together for true social progress.

Progress in Achieving Constitutional Aims

  • The abolition of untouchability and the introduction of affirmative action through reservations for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) marked progress. 

  • However, social and economic equality remains incomplete, with ongoing debates over caste-based reservations and demands for a caste census.

  • While there is a stronger sense of nationhood, exemplified by events like national sporting events and collective responses to international conflicts, caste-based politics still hampers true fraternity

  • The extension of reservations has entrenched caste identities rather than eradicating them, as Ambedkar had envisioned.

Role of Caste Reservations in Indian Society

  • Reservations have promoted equality but arguably undermined the goal of fraternity, as they reinforce caste distinctions. 

  • Ambedkar’s vision was to annihilate caste, but caste has been preserved and politicized under the reservation system.

  • By focusing on caste as a political resource, the reservation system has perpetuated caste identities instead of dissolving them, contradicting Ambedkar’s aim of eliminating caste divisions.

Constitution’s Survival and Current Challenges

  • Despite initial opposition from some political groups, the Constitution has endured, with 106 amendments. It remains a guiding document for India.

  • However, there are concerns about the weakening of democratic institutions like Parliament and the judiciary, and pressures on democratic freedoms

  • Some observers, like the V-Dem Institute, label India as an "electoral autocracy," reflecting a shift away from the democratic spirit Ambedkar envisioned.

Ambedkar's Call for Responsibility

  • Ambedkar warned that with independence came great responsibility. India could no longer blame the British for its failures. 

  • As we celebrate 75 years of the Constitution, the challenge is to address the gaps Ambedkar identified and reduce the number of things we need to blame ourselves for.

The Path Ahead

  • While there has been significant progress, the path to fully achieving the aims of the Constitution remains long

  • We must work towards the vision of liberty, equality, and fraternity that Ambedkar outlined, ensuring that the Constitution remains a living document that guides India’s progress.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: 75 Years of India's Constitution UPSC NOTE
75 Years of India's Constitution UPSC NOTE
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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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