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Bridging the Gender Gap in Sterilisation UPSC NOTE

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  Changing Focus of Family Planning in India India started a national family planning program in 1952 , evolving from maternal health to pop...

 Changing Focus of Family Planning in India

  • India started a national family planning program in 1952, evolving from maternal health to population control.

  • Initially, male sterilisation (vasectomy) was prominent, but its use has steadily decreased, with a consistent 0.3% rate in recent National Family Health Surveys (2015-16 and 2020-21).

  • This decline contradicts India’s National Health Policy 2017, which aimed for male sterilisation to comprise 30% of procedures.

Gender Disparity in Sterilisation

  • Female sterilisation (37.9%) far outnumbers male sterilisation (0.3%), creating a gender imbalance in contraceptive responsibilities.

  • This disparity challenges gender equality goals (SDG 5) and the empowerment of women, as women bear most of the sterilisation burden.

Initiatives and Challenges for Male Sterilisation

  • Vasectomy Day (November) and ‘vasectomy fortnight’ in India aim to promote male sterilisation through awareness and debunking myths.

  • However, policies have not fully addressed practical barriers like male reluctance, misconceptions about the procedure, illiteracy, and lack of skilled providers, particularly in rural areas.

  • Many men are unaware of their role in family planning and government incentives for vasectomies.

Ground Realities and Solutions

  • In rural Maharashtra, women see sterilisation as their responsibility, with men hesitant due to beliefs about lost wages and job hardship.

  • Increased awareness and sensitisation from adolescence, especially in schools, could help normalize vasectomy as a shared responsibility.

  • Providing cash incentives, as seen in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, could increase male participation, as demonstrated by a 2019 study.


International Comparisons and Learning

  • Countries like South Korea, Bhutan, and Brazil have successfully increased vasectomy uptake through societal acceptance, awareness campaigns, and government support.

  • India can adopt similar strategies, focusing on public awareness, training health professionals, and improving service availability, particularly non-scalpel vasectomies.

  • The government must align its policies with concrete actions and focus on demand- and service-oriented solutions to achieve gender equality in sterilisation practices.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Bridging the Gender Gap in Sterilisation UPSC NOTE
Bridging the Gender Gap in Sterilisation UPSC NOTE
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