What was the original Preamble and how has it evolved?
The Preamble initially declared India as a sovereign, democratic, and republic state.
It did not include the terms "socialist" or "secular," as the Constituent Assembly felt that declaring an economic ideal (socialism) was not suitable in the Preamble.
Similarly, the term "secular" was excluded because India’s version of secularism was distinct from Western models
And the Assembly believed the Constitution already embodied secular values through provisions for religious freedom and equality.
In 1976, through the 42nd Amendment, the words ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ were added to the Preamble.
This change reflected the political climate of the time, particularly during the Emergency period, and emphasized the commitment to a welfare state and equal treatment of all religions.
What has been the court’s stand earlier and how has it changed?
Berubari Case (1960): The Supreme Court initially held that the Preamble was not part of the Constitution and did not hold any legal power.
Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973): The Court reversed its earlier stance, declaring that the Preamble is indeed part of the Constitution and should be interpreted in light of the vision set out in it.
This decision marked a turning point in recognizing the Preamble’s importance.
What was the current case about?
Former Rajya Sabha MP Subramanian Swamy, advocate Ashwini Upadhyay, and others filed the case challenging the inclusion of "socialist" and "secular" in the Preamble.
Petitioners argued that these terms were added during the Emergency and forced upon people to follow specific ideologies.
They contended that since the original date of adoption was specified in the Preamble, no further words could be added later by Parliament.
What bearing will it have on society?
The ruling reinforces the commitment to addressing inequality through government schemes (e.g., MGNREGA, food subsidies, direct benefit transfers).
While socialism still focuses on the welfare of the poor, it supports the growth of private enterprises, contributing to economic development and poverty alleviation.
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