Diverse Health Systems Across India
India’s health systems are highly varied, with different regions having unique challenges and strengths.
For example, government health expenditure per capita varies significantly between states, from ₹3,829 in Himachal Pradesh to ₹701 in Bihar.
Even in the same state, such as West Bengal, different regions may face contrasting health challenges, like high teenage pregnancy rates despite low fertility.
Challenges in Achieving UHC
States like West Bengal, with lower health spending per capita (₹1,346), fall short of the funds needed to meet Universal Health Coverage (UHC) targets (₹2,205).
Despite growing health expenditure (11% annual increase in West Bengal), out-of-pocket expenditure remains high
The high out-of-pocket expenditure (over 50% in many states, including Kerala and Punjab) continues to burden citizens, even in relatively prosperous states.
Structural Issues in Healthcare Systems
Increased government spending does not necessarily reduce out-of-pocket costs, pointing to deeper systemic issues.
In some regions, like West Bengal, there is a mismatch between the availability of public sector hospitals (e.g., high C-section rates) and the need for government-funded private hospital care (Swasthya Sathi scheme).
West Bengal has high blood sugar rates, while other states like Kerala have higher hypertension rates, highlighting the need for tailored healthcare strategies.
Primary Healthcare System Shortfalls
West Bengal faces a 58% shortfall in primary healthcare centres, making it difficult to address public health issues, like rising blood sugar rates.
This gap in primary care needs urgent attention to prevent conditions from worsening due to lack of early intervention.
Need for Solutions
A holistic approach is needed, integrating public health, regional policies, climate resilience, and a focus on primary care to ensure a robust and equitable healthcare system.
COMMENTS