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From Auschwitz to Gaza UPSC NOTE

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  Liberation of Auschwitz On January 27, 1945 , Soviet soldiers liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau , discovering 8,000 emaciated prisoners. They f...

 Liberation of Auschwitz

  • On January 27, 1945, Soviet soldiers liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau, discovering 8,000 emaciated prisoners.

  • They found 44,000 pairs of shoes, piles of spectacles, and cooking utensils, remnants of the 1.1 million people killed, mostly Jews.

  • Nazi efforts to destroy records left no precise figures, but the horrors of the camp became a symbol of genocide.

  • The anniversary serves to remember the victims and renew the pledge of "never again" for genocide.

Historical Context of Genocide

  • The Genocide Convention (1948) defined genocide as acts meant to destroy a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group.

  • Despite early signs, such as the codification of anti-Jewish laws by Nazis in 1933, the international community failed to respond effectively.

  • Countries like the U.S. and the U.K. placed obstacles on Jewish refugees trying to escape, exacerbating the problem.

  • Despite growing evidence of mass killings by 1942, the Allies failed to intervene decisively, and the genocide continued.

"Never Again" - A Broken Promise

  • After WWII, the world vowed "never again," but genocides continued in later years:

    • Cambodia (1975-79): The Khmer Rouge killed over 2 million people in an attempt to recreate a communist society.

    • Rwanda (1994): 800,000–1 million people, mostly Tutsi, were slaughtered while UN peacekeepers did nothing.

    • Srebrenica (1995): 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys were executed despite being in a supposed safe zone.

  • Darfur, Sudan (2003-05): 200,000 people were killed in a conflict recognized by the ICC as genocide.

  • In all cases, the international community either failed to act or was hindered by political interests.

Current Situation in Gaza

  • In Gaza, the death toll from the Israel-Hamas conflict has surpassed 47,000, mostly women and children, with widespread destruction of homes and infrastructure.

  • The ICC is investigating whether Israel's actions constitute genocide, with arrest warrants issued for Israeli leaders.

  • Despite clear evidence of destruction, the global response has been divided, with some countries defending Israel's right to self-defense, while others remain silent on potential genocide.

  • The international community’s failure to act and the continued destruction in Gaza raises questions about when self-defense crosses into genocide and how the world should respond.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: From Auschwitz to Gaza UPSC NOTE
From Auschwitz to Gaza UPSC NOTE
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