Discovery of Coal in Jharsuguda
In 1900, workers of the Bengal Nagpur Railway found coal deposits in Jharsuguda, Odisha.
Jharsuguda's first coal mine was established in 1909, and today, the region produces over 15 million tonnes of coal annually.
Coal is crucial for India's electricity generation (three-fourths) and key industries like iron, steel, cement, and fertilisers.
Impact of Open-Cast Mining on Air Quality
Jharsuguda has mostly open-cast mines, which are cost-effective but create significant dust pollution.
Dust from mining activities, including blasting and transporting coal, can damage nearby vegetation.
Dust clogs plant stomata, affecting photosynthesis and temperature regulation, which can hinder plant growth.
Use of Satellite Data for Dust Measurement
A 2024 study used satellite data from Landsat-8, -9, Sentinel-2, and PlanetScope to measure dust on plant leaves.
Researchers compared satellite images from areas near and far from mines to estimate dust accumulation.
The study validated the satellite data by collecting leaf samples and comparing them with lab measurements, showing that satellite data is an effective tool for dust monitoring.
Environmental Impact and Long-Term Effects
Dust on leaves reduces carbon absorption, worsening global warming by leaving more CO2 in the atmosphere.
Dust also affects transpiration, leading to higher plant temperatures and potentially stunting growth or causing death.
The study offers a method for governments to monitor and address dust pollution, suggesting measures like water sprays and dust barriers to protect local ecosystems.
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