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India's Space Program in 2025 UPSC NOTE

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  PSLV-C60 Mission Launched on December 30, 2024, from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) Sriharikota. Deployed Space Docking Experiment (Spa...

 PSLV-C60 Mission

  • Launched on December 30, 2024, from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) Sriharikota.

  • Deployed Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) satellites into a 475-km circular orbit.

SpaDeX Satellites

  • ISRO attempted to reduce inter-satellite distance for docking: from 500m to 225m on January 8, 2025, then further to 3m by January 12.

  • On January 16, ISRO successfully completed its first in-orbit rendezvous and docking, making history in satellite docking.

  • After docking, both satellites were controlled together, demonstrating capability necessary for future lunar and space station docking.

POEM4 (Orbital Experimental Module)

  • The fourth stage of the PSLV-C60 rocket moved to a 350-km circular orbit and performed passivation (fuel dump).

  • Carried 24 payloads, including:

    • ISRO’s Relocatable Robotic Manipulator-Technology Demonstrator.

    • Debris Capture Robotic Arm Manipulator, though ISRO didn't confirm success in capturing debris.

  • Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS) to grow cowpea seeds in orbit.

  • Various private and academic payloads like:

    • Vyom 2U (Manastu Space’s green propulsion system test).

    • GLX-SQ (GalaxEye's synthetic-aperture radar).

    • SwetchaSAT-V0 (N Space Tech's communications test).

    • MOI-TD (TakeMe2Space's AI demo).

    • APEMS (Amity University’s plant growth experiment).

Change of Leadership at ISRO

  • V. Narayanan took over from S. Somanath as ISRO Chairman on January 14, 2025.

  • Narayanan is known for his expertise in cryogenic and semi-cryogenic engines and chaired the committee for Chandrayaan-2’s failure investigation.

Private Sector Contributions

  • Pixxel Space: Launched three Firefly hyperspectral satellites as part of India’s first private satellite constellation.

  • Digantara: Launched its Space Camera for Object Tracking to enhance space situational awareness.

  • XDLINX Labs: Launched the Elevation 1 miniaturized communications satellite to test its E-band communications payload.

Third Launch Pad

  • The Union Cabinet approved ₹3984.86 crore for the construction of a third launch pad at SDSC, Sriharikota.

  • Expected completion by 2029, this pad will support human spaceflight missions and the NGLV (Next-Generation Launch Vehicle).

  • Will act as a backup for the second launch pad and help with increased launch capacity.

Engine Testing

  • ISRO successfully tested the Vikas engine’s restart capability at the propulsion complex in Mahendragiri.

  • The engine fired for 60 seconds, stopped for 120 seconds, and restarted for 7 seconds.

  • Critical for future atmospheric missions, ensuring reliability and efficiency.


Aditya-L1 Data Release

  • On January 6, 2025, ISRO released the first data from its Aditya-L1 mission, which studies the sun.

  • The mission aims to better understand solar phenomena and their effects on the inner solar system.


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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: India's Space Program in 2025 UPSC NOTE
India's Space Program in 2025 UPSC NOTE
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