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Biological Solutions to Plastic Waste UPSC NOTE

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  Plastic Waste in Laboratories Drug discovery labs use significant amounts of plastic, including tips, pipettes, bottles , and more. Despit...

 Plastic Waste in Laboratories

  • Drug discovery labs use significant amounts of plastic, including tips, pipettes, bottles, and more.

  • Despite some recycling, less than 10% of global plastic is recycled, leading to billions of tonnes of plastic in the environment.

Enzyme Development for Plastic Degradation

  • The natural enzymes that break down plastics like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are slow, but scientists are working on engineering them to work faster.

  • One engineered enzyme can break down 90% of PET waste in just 17 hours, making the process more feasible for industrial use.

  • Speed remains a crucial factor for these solutions to be scalable and efficient in large-scale operations.

  • Efforts are underway to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these enzymes.

Bacteria for Plastic Degradation

  • Some scientists are working with bacteria that can degrade different types of plastics, such as PET, polyolefins, and polyamides (like nylon).

  • These microbes can break down plastics into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass, but the process is slower compared to enzymes.

  • Research is focused on improving the speed and effectiveness of microbes for industrial applications.

  • The challenge is to make these microbes versatile enough to handle a wider variety of plastics.

Creating Biodegradable Plastics

  • Researchers are exploring the possibility of creating biodegradable plastics from scratch using bacteria.

  • One method involves incorporating heat-resistant bacterial spores into plastics, which are activated in compost to help degrade the material.

  • While the process can take several months, it offers a potential solution for creating plastics that can be broken down naturally.

  • Unlike enzymes, which require purification, using bacteria in plastics could be more scalable as they can replicate and be used in small amounts.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Biological Solutions to Plastic Waste UPSC NOTE
Biological Solutions to Plastic Waste UPSC NOTE
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