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How Microphones and Amplifiers Work UPSC NOTE

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  Microphone and its Function A microphone is a transducer that converts sound energy into electrical signals . It works by using capacitors...

 Microphone and its Function

  • A microphone is a transducer that converts sound energy into electrical signals.

  • It works by using capacitors, with a diaphragm replacing one of the plates

  • As sound waves cause the diaphragm to vibrate, it alters the capacitance, which is then converted into audio signals.

Sound Amplification Process

  • The audio signal is sent to a preamplifier (preamp), which adds more energy to the signal while minimizing noise.

  • Impedance matching is crucial to avoid noise and ensure maximum gain from the preamp.

  • Transistors in the amplifier increase the signal’s voltage, creating an amplified version of the original signal.

Voltage Amplification

  • In a transistor, a small incoming voltage between the base and emitter causes a larger current to flow from the collector.

  • The current flowing across a resistor creates a voltage, which is the amplified version of the input signal.

  • The signal passes through the driver and power stages, further boosting the voltage and current before reaching the loudspeaker.

Types of Amplifiers

  • Power amplifiers come in different classes for various applications:

    • Class A and B: Used in sound systems and small studios.

    • Class AB: Preferred for home theatres.

    • Class C: Used in radio-frequency applications.

    • Class D: Common in public announcement systems.

Producing Loud Sound

  • Loudness depends on the input signal's power.

  • The loudspeaker's voice coil moves within a magnetic field, causing the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound.

  • The louder the input signal, the more the diaphragm moves, producing louder sound.

  • Enhancements like stronger magnets, larger diaphragms, and higher power inputs increase sound volume.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: How Microphones and Amplifiers Work UPSC NOTE
How Microphones and Amplifiers Work UPSC NOTE
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