Microphone and its Function
A microphone is a transducer that converts sound energy into electrical signals.
It works by using capacitors, with a diaphragm replacing one of the plates.
As sound waves cause the diaphragm to vibrate, it alters the capacitance, which is then converted into audio signals.
Sound Amplification Process
The audio signal is sent to a preamplifier (preamp), which adds more energy to the signal while minimizing noise.
Impedance matching is crucial to avoid noise and ensure maximum gain from the preamp.
Transistors in the amplifier increase the signal’s voltage, creating an amplified version of the original signal.
Voltage Amplification
In a transistor, a small incoming voltage between the base and emitter causes a larger current to flow from the collector.
The current flowing across a resistor creates a voltage, which is the amplified version of the input signal.
The signal passes through the driver and power stages, further boosting the voltage and current before reaching the loudspeaker.
Types of Amplifiers
Power amplifiers come in different classes for various applications:
Class A and B: Used in sound systems and small studios.
Class AB: Preferred for home theatres.
Class C: Used in radio-frequency applications.
Class D: Common in public announcement systems.
Producing Loud Sound
Loudness depends on the input signal's power.
The loudspeaker's voice coil moves within a magnetic field, causing the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound.
The louder the input signal, the more the diaphragm moves, producing louder sound.
Enhancements like stronger magnets, larger diaphragms, and higher power inputs increase sound volume.
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