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Measuring Migrant Movement UPSC NOTE

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  Tracking migration is crucial for public policy as over 45 crore people migrated internally in India between 2000 and 2011 (2011 Census) ....

 

  • Tracking migration is crucial for public policy as over 45 crore people migrated internally in India between 2000 and 2011 (2011 Census).

  • Since the next Census is delayed, alternative migration measurement methods are required.

  • The Economic Advisory Council to the PM (EAC-PM) proposes using train travel, banking, and telecom data to estimate migration trends.

Methods to Measure Migration

  • 1. Unreserved Train Ticket Data

  • Indian Railways’ unreserved ticketing system helps track low-income labor migration.

  • Findings:

  • Gujarat: 13.8% of passengers arrived from U.P. and Bihar.

  • Bihar: 12.4% of passengers arrived from U.P..

  • Tamil Nadu: 8.4% of passengers arrived from Bihar.

  • 2. Banking Data

  • Banking deposits indicate savings and migrant financial behavior.

District-wise mapping shows:

  • Bihar and U.P. have high migration and low savings.

  • Maharashtra and Gujarat have higher savings, indicating inflow of migrants.

  • 3. Telecom Data

  • Visitor Location Registers (VLRs) track SIM card usage to infer migration patterns.

  • During COVID-19 lockdowns, VLR data showed reverse migration from metro cities to rural areas.

  • Charts show:

  • Mass exodus during lockdowns from Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata.

  • Gradual return of workers post-pandemic.

Key Findings

  • States like U.P., Bihar, and West Bengal are major source states for migration.

  • Maharashtra, Delhi, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu are major destination states.

  • COVID-19 caused mass reverse migration, affecting economic activity in cities.

  • Telecom data offers real-time migration insights, while train and banking data provide long-term trends.

Policy Implications

  • Urban Planning: Better migration tracking can help cities plan housing, healthcare, and transport.

  • Welfare Policies: Migrant workers need portable benefits (e.g., ration, healthcare, social security).

  • Labor Market Adjustments: Understanding migration flows helps optimize employment policies in cities and villages.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Measuring Migrant Movement UPSC NOTE
Measuring Migrant Movement UPSC NOTE
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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