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SC Ruling on Residence-Based Reservation UPSC NOTE

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  The Supreme Court Ruling and its Implications: Core Issue : The Supreme Court has declared residence-based reservation in postgraduate med...

 The Supreme Court Ruling and its Implications:

  • Core Issue: The Supreme Court has declared residence-based reservation in postgraduate medical courses as "unconstitutionally impermissible." This strikes down the practice of reserving seats based on domicile.

  • Impact on Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu currently implements a 69% reservation policy, with 50% of PG medical seats reserved for students native to the state. The SC ruling directly challenges this practice.

  • National Implications: While the immediate impact is on Tamil Nadu, this ruling could potentially affect similar domicile-based reservation policies in other states

  • It raises questions about the extent to which states can implement their own reservation policies within the framework of national laws and SC judgments.

Tamil Nadu Government's Response:

  • Review Petition: The Tamil Nadu government plans to file a review petition against the SC ruling. 

  • This demonstrates the state's disagreement with the judgment and its intent to challenge it legally.

  • Consultation with Experts: The government is consulting with legal experts to formulate its strategy and grounds for the review petition. 

  • This emphasizes the importance of a well-reasoned and legally sound approach.

  • Justification for Reservation: The government argues that the 50% state quota is essential for social justice and ensures that students from Tamil Nadu have access to postgraduate medical education.

  • Impact on Infrastructure: The state government emphasizes its significant investment in creating and maintaining the infrastructure for PG medical education. 

  • They argue that since they invest in the infrastructure, they should have a say in who benefits from it.

  • Loss of Seats: The government estimates that implementing the SC ruling could lead to a loss of approximately 1,200 PG medical seats for Tamil Nadu students. 

  • This highlights the practical consequences of the judgment.

Arguments for and against Residence-Based Reservation:

  • Arguments for:

  • Social Justice: Domicile-based reservations are seen as a way to address historical disadvantages and ensure representation of local populations in specialized fields like medicine.

  • Access to Education: It can provide opportunities for students from the state who might otherwise be unable to compete with students from more privileged backgrounds or those who have studied in better-resourced institutions.

  • Serving Local Needs: Proponents argue that students who receive education in a particular state are more likely to stay and serve the healthcare needs of that state's population.

  • Arguments against:

  • Merit: Critics argue that domicile-based reservations compromise merit and can lead to less qualified candidates securing seats.

  • National Unity: It can be seen as hindering national integration and creating barriers to movement and opportunity for students from other states.

  • Constitutional Validity: The SC ruling itself questions the constitutional validity of such reservations.

Federalism and State Rights:

  • Balancing Act: This issue highlights the ongoing tension between the powers of the central government and state governments, particularly in matters of education and social policy.

  • State Autonomy: Tamil Nadu's stance emphasizes the importance of respecting state autonomy in implementing policies that cater to the specific needs and circumstances of their population.

  • Judicial Interpretation: The SC ruling raises questions about the interpretation of constitutional provisions related to reservation and the balance between state rights and national interests.

Federalism and Centralization

  • Centralization Trend: The ruling is seen as another instance of the Union government's increasing control over medical admissions, potentially diminishing the states' role in this crucial sector.

  • UG vs. PG Distinction: The Court's rationale for differentiating between UG and PG admissions based on local needs raises questions about the ongoing trend of centralizing UG admissions as well. 

  • This highlights the broader debate about the balance of power between the Union and states in education.

Long-Term Solution: Equitable Infrastructure

  • The Core Problem: The underlying issue is the uneven distribution of quality educational infrastructure across the country.

  • The Solution: The court indirectly points towards the need for creating educational infrastructure of comparable quality in every district. 

  • This would address the root cause of regional disparities in access to higher education and reduce the pressure on states to implement reservation policies. 

  • This is a crucial point for UPSC, linking education policy to social justice and equitable development.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: SC Ruling on Residence-Based Reservation UPSC NOTE
SC Ruling on Residence-Based Reservation UPSC NOTE
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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