Delimitation and Its Constitutional Basis
Delimitation, as defined in Articles 82 and 170 of the Constitution, involves adjusting the number of seats in the Parliament and state assemblies after each Census.
The process of readjusting the allocation of seats has been deferred until 2026 due to amendments made by the 42nd and later amendments to the Constitution.
There is concern, particularly in southern states, about how the population-based allocation of seats may negatively affect them as their population growth has slowed down.
Population as a Basis for Representation
The population of a state is used to determine the number of seats it gets in the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Vidhan Sabhas (State Assemblies).
Over time, the number of people represented by each member of Parliament has increased.
For example, in 2024, each MP represents around 18 lakh electors, a significant rise from earlier times.
This increase in the number of electors per seat may make it difficult for MPs to adequately represent their constituents.
While the primary criterion for allocation is population, there are other factors, such as geographical and political boundaries, that have been considered when deciding on the number of seats in each state.
Need for Moderation of the Population Criterion
The strict reliance on population growth may need adjustment.
States with faster population growth may get more seats, which could be unfair.
A possible solution could be adjusting seat allocation based on states' population growth rate.
Using a "deflator" (similar to GDP adjustments for inflation) could balance this issue.
If a formula is used that takes into account the fertility rate or other demographic factors, it could moderate the effect of population growth on seat allocation.
Experts might need to propose more sophisticated methods to fairly balance seat allocation and ensure equitable representation for all regions.
Redefining "Representation"
Constituency size does not necessarily affect how well representatives serve their people.
The duties of an MP or MLA remain the same, regardless of constituency size.
Strengthening local governance through bodies at the grassroots level may be more effective.
More seats may not be the solution; improving governance can be done through devolution of authority to local bodies.
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