India ranked 130 out of 193 countries in the 2023 Human Development Index (HDI), moving up three places.
India's HDI value improved to 0.685 in 2023 from 0.676 in 2022.
India remains in the "medium human development" category, nearing the "high" threshold of 0.700.
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita rose to $9,046.76 in 2023 from $2,167.22 in 1990.
135 million Indians exited multidimensional poverty between 2015-16 and 2019-21.
Despite progress, inequality reduced India's HDI by 30.7%, one of the highest reductions in the region.
Health and education inequalities have declined, but income and gender disparities remain high.
Female participation in the workforce and politics is still low, though a recent law reserving one-third of legislative seats for women shows promise.
Life expectancy in India rose to 72 in 2023, up from 58.6 in 1990 — a strong post-COVID recovery.
Globally, human development progress is at its slowest since 1990, and India is affected too.
The gap between low and very high HDI countries has widened for the fourth year in a row.
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