Arctic’s Strategic Shift
The Arctic is turning from a peaceful scientific zone into a region of geopolitical and military rivalry.
Russia, China, and the U.S. are competing for influence; climate change is making Arctic sea routes like the Northern Sea Route (NSR) more accessible.
Melting ice is opening new trade routes, potentially shifting global shipping patterns.
Militarisation of the Arctic
Arctic powers are reopening military bases, deploying submarines, and increasing patrols.
Donald Trump’s 2019 idea of buying Greenland showed how strategic the Arctic has become.
The region is now about power and presence, not just research.
India’s Current Arctic Approach
India’s 2022 Arctic Policy focuses on climate science and environmental protection.
It connects Arctic changes to India’s Himalayan "Third Pole", affecting water and weather patterns.
India maintains a research station in Svalbard and is an observer in the Arctic Council, but remains passive in strategic matters.
Why It Matters for India
New trade routes like the NSR could reduce reliance on Indian Ocean sea lanes, impacting India’s maritime role.
India’s initiatives like SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) and IPOI (Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative) aim to boost its role in regional maritime security and connectivity.
If China and Russia dominate Arctic routes, India’s vision for Indo-Pacific influence under SAGAR and IPOI could weaken.
Nordic concerns over India’s ties with Russia may also complicate Arctic diplomacy.
What India Should Do
Expand Focus: Create Arctic strategy desks in Defence and Foreign Ministries; hold regular consultations.
Partner Smartly: Work with like-minded Arctic nations on maritime surveillance, satellite monitoring, and logistics.
Engage in Governance: Join forums on Arctic shipping, digital rules, and infrastructure.
Stay Inclusive: Respect local Arctic communities and avoid an extractive approach.
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