India sees China as its main threat, while Pakistan is a smaller, manageable security concern.
Prime Minister Modi aims to show global leadership, counter China, and strengthen India’s military.
Pakistan is modernizing its military to balance India’s military strength.
Pakistan is updating its nuclear arsenal and likely gets WMD-related materials from foreign sources.
After recent attacks and conflicts, India is focusing on defense partnerships in the Indian Ocean through joint exercises, arms sales, and info sharing.
India is increasing cooperation in the Indo-Pacific and joining groups like the Quad, BRICS, SCO, and ASEAN.
India maintains its relationship with Russia for economic and defense reasons, especially to balance Russia-China ties.
India relies less on new Russian equipment but depends on Russian spare parts for existing tanks and fighter jets.
India is pushing its “Made in India” defense program to build domestic industry, reduce supply risks, and modernize the military.
India tested advanced nuclear-capable missiles and commissioned a second nuclear submarine to strengthen deterrence.
India and China agreed in October 2024 to disengage troops in some border areas, easing tension but not settling the border dispute.
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