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The Importance of Linguistic Diversity in India UPSC NOTE

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  India celebrated Sanskrit Day on August 19 to promote Sanskrit's richness and antiquity. Recognizing the contributions of other India...

 

  • India celebrated Sanskrit Day on August 19 to promote Sanskrit's richness and antiquity.

  • Recognizing the contributions of other Indian languages is equally important.

Significance of Sanskrit:

  • Sanskrit is one of the oldest languages globally, important in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

  • Its literature includes the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, Ramayana, and classical texts on philosophy, science, and arts.

  • Historically supported by religious institutions, dynasties, and scholars like William Jones and Max Müller.

  • Post-independence efforts focus on Sanskrit as a way to reconnect with India’s ancient heritage.

India’s Diverse Linguistic Landscape:

  • Other ancient Indian languages like Tamil, Pali, Prakrit, Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam have rich literary traditions.

  • Tamil boasts classical Sangam literature and ancient origins, challenging the notion that Sanskrit predates Tamil.

  • Scholars argue Tamil is one of the oldest living languages with an unbroken literary history.

  • The Indian government is perceived to privilege Sanskrit and Hindi over other languages.

  • As per the 2011 Census, only 24,821 people listed Sanskrit as their mother tongue.

  • Between 2017 and 2020, the government spent ₹643.84 crore on promoting Sanskrit compared to ₹23 crore on Tamil, highlighting funding imbalances.

Impact on Regional Languages:

  • Neglect of regional languages may lead to their endangerment, especially those spoken by smaller communities.

  • Balanced support is needed for the survival and vitality of regional languages.


Language Supremacy and Cultural Hegemony:

  • Antonio Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony explains how privileging Sanskrit and Hindi can establish language supremacy.

  • Promoting certain languages marginalizes others, with a history rooted in colonial and postcolonial state-building processes.

  • Robert Phillipson’s concept of linguistic imperialism applies to this scenario.

  • Pierre Bourdieu’s idea of cultural capital suggests privileging specific languages provides social and economic advantages to their speakers.

Addressing the Bias:

  • Policy reforms, educational initiatives, cultural promotion, community engagement, and technological support are needed to address the bias.

  • The National Education Policy's focus on mother tongues is a positive step.

  • Cultural events and literary programs celebrating linguistic diversity should be encouraged.

  • Support for publishing and disseminating literary works in all languages is essential.

  • Local communities should be engaged in preserving and promoting their languages.

  • Platforms for marginalized language speakers to share stories and cultural practices are important.

  • Technology should be used to develop language-learning tools and digital content in local languages.

  • Resources must be equitably distributed to promote all Indian languages.

  • Language policies should promote inclusivity and accessibility, allowing communities to learn and use their native languages alongside Sanskrit.

  • Language is integral to identity; privileging specific languages over others can create cultural and political tensions.

  • Promoting linguistic diversity helps India celebrate its linguistic heritage and ensure the development of all languages.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: The Importance of Linguistic Diversity in India UPSC NOTE
The Importance of Linguistic Diversity in India UPSC NOTE
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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