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Census Update in India UPSC NOTE

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  India is likely to begin the delayed Census exercise soon and complete it within 18 months. The final Census report is expected by late 20...

 

  • India is likely to begin the delayed Census exercise soon and complete it within 18 months.

  • The final Census report is expected by late 2026 or 2027, marking a 16-year gap since the last Census in 2011.

  • COVID-19 is cited as the main reason for the delay.

Population and Demographic Changes:

  • India has surpassed China in population, as per a UN report.

  • Significant demographic changes have occurred, such as affluent areas in Delhi still being classified as rural in 2011.

  • Concerns arise over operating without updated data for years.

  • Even with decennial censuses, (The decennial census is a census that is conducted every ten years) discrepancies between reality and data exist due to the high costs of conducting such surveys.

  • Conducting censuses more frequently would allow for dynamic policy adjustments in areas like health and socioeconomic studies.

  • The writer supports “register-based” and “dynamic” censuses, which could provide real-time data.

  • India was reportedly preparing software to automatically update census data (e.g., registering individuals as voters at age 18).

  • Countries like Austria, Denmark, Singapore, and others are moving toward register-based censuses using data from administrative registers.

  • Such censuses are cost-effective and produce statistics from government sources, complemented by small-scale surveys.

  • Austria’s 2011 register-based census cost €10 million, significantly lower than the €72 million for the 2001 traditional census.

  • The UK plans to replace decennial censuses with real-time data collection from administrative sources after 2021.

  • The UK government uses data from sources like supermarket scanners and vehicle information for official statistics.

Aadhaar-Centric Database in India:

  • India already has an Aadhaar-centric database, unlike the UK.

  • The Home Minister suggested merging databases like voter ID, Aadhaar, and others into the Census database.

Challenges of Database Integration:

  • Integrating various registers (Aadhaar, PAN, voter ID, etc.) is complex but feasible.

  • Successful integration could save the country substantial costs.

  • A census provides data on economic activities, literacy, urbanization, migration, and more.

  • While real-time updates might not cover all areas, small-scale surveys can fill data gaps.

Future of Dynamic Censuses:

  • India could move towards dynamic, continuous censuses, marking the potential end of complete enumeration-based censuses.

  • This would be a significant legacy of Digital India.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Census Update in India UPSC NOTE
Census Update in India UPSC NOTE
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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