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Malaria elimination UPSC NOTE

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  Why in news Egypt has recently been certified malaria-free by WHO (October 20, 2024), after nearly 100 years of efforts.  It is the thir...

 Why in news

  • Egypt has recently been certified malaria-free by WHO (October 20, 2024), after nearly 100 years of efforts. 

  • It is the third country in the Eastern Mediterranean region and the 44th globally to achieve this milestone. 

What is the Process for WHO Certification?

  • Countries need to have zero indigenous malaria cases for at least 3 consecutive years.

  • They must have a strong surveillance system to detect and respond to any potential imported cases.

  • The country submits a National Elimination Report, which is reviewed by WHO’s Malaria Elimination Certification Panel (MECP).

  • After field visits and report validation, WHO decides on certification.

Egypt’s Journey to Malaria-Free Certification

  • By 2001, Egypt controlled malaria and aimed for elimination.

  • In 2014, a small outbreak was controlled through quick action.

  • By expanding healthcare access and strengthening vector control, Egypt achieved malaria elimination.

  • Cross-border cooperation with Sudan and providing services to migrants helped prevent reintroduction.

India’s Strategy for Malaria Elimination

  • India aims to eliminate malaria by 2030.

  • Strengthening surveillance systems and ensuring every suspected case is tested and treated.

  • Widespread use of insecticide-treated nets and indoor spraying.

  • Focus on high-transmission areas like tribal, forest, and border regions.

  • Research and cross-border cooperation to prevent malaria reintroduction.

  • India has made significant progress, with 128 districts already in the "prevention of re-establishment" phase.

India’s Preparation for WHO Certification

  • India will undergo subnational verification for regions that achieve malaria-free status.

  • For national certification, it must demonstrate zero transmission for 3 years, backed by robust surveillance and response systems.


Way Forward

  • India faces challenges due to its diverse regions and migrant populations.

  • Climate change could facilitate the resurgence of malaria, requiring adaptive strategies and constant vigilance.

  • Surveillance and vector control need to be maintained to prevent the re-establishment of malaria.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Malaria elimination UPSC NOTE
Malaria elimination UPSC NOTE
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